Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Managing People and Organisations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Overseeing People and Organizations - Case Study Example Bug examination shows that ALSTOM political circumstance was weak in 1999 and kept on staying till 2003 until they change their HRM strategies to join the new and old representatives. Among the significant concerns were absence of assets, refreshed innovation and untalented work which they defeat in 2005 by overhauling their approaches and considering social factors on a social premise which picked up clients' trust and prepared their incompetent administrators and representatives so they could move with the 'new' work division. ALSTOM presently ought to believe monetary conditions to be refreshed on a week after week premise as this would furnish the supervisors with the most recent updates to take money related choices in regards to venture and planning control. ALSTOM ought to likewise looked for better approaches to bring down its expenses and increment its plant's proficiency. ALSTOM inadvertently became double assistance business which comprised of a two-overlap unit, the current part and the recently framed segment. This was the fundamental motivation behind why the business began taking part in different clashes. The administration part that was considered 'pointless' in ALSTOM was advanced on 'administrative' post while the 'creation' unit that comprised of the individuals who were considered as the genuine pioneers of the Industry, were converged with the recently shaped staff. Any proposition recommended by the new comers and qualified staff was quickly restricted by the current segment. ... This was the fundamental motivation behind why the business began taking part in different clashes. The administration division that was considered 'futile' in ALSTOM was advanced on 'administrative' post while the 'creation' unit that comprised of the individuals who were considered as the genuine pioneers of the Industry, were converged with the recently shaped staff. Any proposition recommended by the new comers and qualified staff was quickly restricted by the current area. The contentions were not constrained to the individuals alone, supervisors were additionally included. Modern solidarity started to delicate notwithstanding numerous weights; some of them were even fierce which offered ascend to the political association of directors which augmented the likely extent of inner clash and thusly undermined the essential mechanical solidarity. Accordingly there began a virus war in two parts which opposed solidarity essentially as a methods for self-insurance. (Minkin, 1991, p. 8) The development of Uncertainty The presence of 'vulnerability' would in general further strengthen the feeling of there being a political circle unmistakable from the mechanical world which is apparent from the advancement of two particular places, the OEM and the recently risen division the one becoming out of the other appeared to suggest the acknowledgment of two requests and two arrangements of capacities. The entirety of this improved the chance of political and representatives' association pretending such that represents a great part of the nuance and adaptability of the hierarchical relationship. Walter's administration knew about the way that ALSTOM was missing experienced workers; thusly with the development of OEM, ALSTOM recruited proficient representatives. Resoluteness The more joined the association, the better is its structure as far as adaptability. Walter saw the two

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Hispanic Immigrants: Victims of Discrimination

Running head: HISPANIC IMMIGRANTS Hispanic Immigrants: Victims of Discrimination Kathleen Juarbe-Gorgas Professor Dettmann October 21, 2010 United States is the place where there is migrants or the place where there is white individuals? In light of the U. S. history when Christopher Columbus finds America, the Europeans start foreigner for better chances. The Native Indians was the proprietor of this land however the European took it over. As a result of the bondage, individuals from different nations came to U. S. to work either willful or automatic. Accordingly in today society we have all the decent variety in ethnicity.However the worker arrive, they have a shared objective accomplish the American dream. Things being what they are, if this nation has been work with outsiders why Americans oppress them? Movement is a significant issue in U. S. since they’re numerous instances of unlawful movement. The general public makes the American dream practically difficult to any wor ker yet particularly to the Hispanics. The Americans contend that the Hispanics worker come here to perpetrate wrongdoings. Assault, hijacking, manslaughters, street pharmacists and burglary are some of normal wrongdoings carry out by Hispanics immigrants.A mainstream felony between illicit foreigners is data fraud. Data fraud is the point at which someone took standardized savings cards, birth testaments, distinguishing proof cards, driver licenses and some other kind of ID that can be abused or misrepresent. Every so often the counter migrants have awful encounters with the illicit outsider that make them oppressed all. (Foundation on victimization migrants, 2009) Also, the counter worker fight that the settler took the Americans works for a less pay.The American feels that Hispanic foreigners are no different; they’re unlawful and result in these present circumstances nation to carry out wrongdoings. In any case, the Hispanic settlers result in these present circumstances nation to accomplish the American dream. More often than not they move to U. S. to have better open doors in light of the fact that in their nation is inconceivable rise up out of the destitution. The idea of any Hispanic worker is to have a superior activity to give the family, give a superior instruction to their kids and if conceivable compensation the school educational cost. Yet in addition accomplish the greatest test in this nation, the English language.The Hispanic worker has the daring to beat any obstruction and come here without knowing the language, the way of life or in some cases have any family member and start from the base until accomplish the objectives. (Foundation on victimization workers, 2009) The reality of being foreigner is sufficient for segregation at the point to carry out a wrongdoing? An abhor wrongdoing that stunned the Hispanic people group was the manslaughter of Luis Ramirez. An illicit foreigner who lived in Shenandoah, Pennsylvania; he was casualt y of a passing beating from gathering of Caucasian teenagers.Another instance of detest against Latinos happened five months after Ramirez demise in Long Island, NY. Marcelo Lucero was deadly beaten by youngster only for being Latino. (Raul, 2010) Those are instances of the impacts of segregation in the United States society. The detest violations have been practice in every one of the 50 states from individuals who are supremacist. Rather than helping our locale, those violations are making most exceedingly awful. The segregation resembles a hereditary illness that is produce from the bigotry which goes from age to generation.The enemies of settlers accept that the white race is better than some other race. They practice oppression worker. They are rehashing the history when the African-Americans were arraigned on the grounds that they were blacks. The counter migrant has developments, for example, Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) who are against any sort of moveme nt change. Certain way the main dependable of migration issues in United States are the colonizers since they carry the slave from different nations to do the hard work.Instead to be biases and prejudice against the worker and fault on them; the counter outsider should peruse and far reaching the U. S. history to stop the separation. References Background on oppression workers. (2009). Recovered August 30, 2010, from Do Something: www. dosomething. organization National Council of La Raza. (2010). Abhor Flashpoints. Recovered August 30, 2010, from We Can Stop The Hate: www. wecanstopthehate. organization Raul, R. (2010, January 22). Equity gets intense on detest wrongdoings . Recovered October 20, 2010, from EbscoHost: www. ebscohost. com

Wednesday, August 12, 2020

Guest Entry Engineers Without Borders

Guest Entry Engineers Without Borders Sorry I havent blogged in a while Ive been hosed with the deluge of tests, homework, and projects that inevitably follows CPW. To temporarily satiate your craving for reading about MIT while watching half of my face contemplatively sip coffee at you from my blog header, my tooling buddy Tiffany, a Course I junior with a terrifyingly robust sense of work ethic and a phenomenally operatic RB singing voice, has graciously offered to temper my usual Course VI nerditude by writing about her involvement in international development @ MIT. Enjoy! In the grind of the semester, its easy to forget that there exists an entire world outside of the college campus (hello Boston!). Yet, one of the most rewarding things about MIT is being able to apply the concepts you learn within the classroom to real-time projects that have a significant impact on communities around the world. This past year, I have been serving as project manager for the Engineers Without Borders-MIT Chapter. Engineers Without Borders is a non-profit organization that partners with communities in developing countries to improve their quality of life. One of our projects, for which I am team lead, is Showergy. Showergys premise is this: Imagine not being able to take a shower after a long days work. Now picture that every day. Hundreds of millions of people in the developing world lack access to water and facilities where they can cleanse themselves. Even where there is water, many, especially women, avoid going to communal showers in fear of attack or harassment going there and coming back. To help combat this fear, Showergy delivers all that is needed for the shower experience right to the users doorstep literally. Our cost-effective and easily installable shower system units will be implemented on almost every single plot as part of a franchise business model in conjunction with latrines. This design and model will ensure that community members do not have to walk more than a stones throw away. Our system also involves an innovative drainage and water reuse that prevents further contamination of critical water sources. By providing the means to basic hygiene, Showergy helps reduce the probability for disease and ensures a safe, reliable place for women, children, and senior citizens to wash themselves. Throughout the past few months, our team has designed a basic prototype of our individual shower system unit in MITs famous D-Lab. The “D” in D-Lab stands for “Development through Dialogue, Design, Dissemination”; its goal is to assist students in improving the quality of life in low-income households through development of low-cost technologies. It is extremely common for students taking courses in D-Lab to travel over IAP or sometime during the year to implement the technologies that theyve developed. Anyways, you can actually step into the unit, look up at the showerhead, and take a shower! What does this mean for term life? Its actually a lot of fun. We get to spray each other with water while prototyping our pump mechanism. and be obnoxiously loud when using hammers. Currently, our project is entered into the IDEAS/Global Challenge competition, an annual contest sponsored by the Public Service Center that encourages students to develop or innovate a product â€"it can be anything! that will assist developing communities in tackling some of the largest global problems, like disease, sanitation, and water shortage. The projects dont need to be fancy or complicated â€" in fact, the best solutions to problems of these scale often are and need to be simple. There is an enormous variety of projects that are entered into the competition. The sheer amount of creativity and innovation going on here is through the roof! You can view all the teams here. Since the competition is ongoing, you can vote for five teams that you like the best if you register for an account (insert shameless plug for Showergy). To reiterate, there are incredible resources at MIT if you are interested in international development. Other resources include the Legatum Center for Development and Entrepeneurship, the Sloan Global Entrepreneurship Center, and the MIT International Development Initiative. If you are worried that your choice of major might affect how you can pursue international development, rest assured that no matter what you major in, you can probably apply it in a creative and significant way. Even as a junior, close to the end of my third year here, I am astounded by how easily ideas can happen here and actually become a reality, with some hard work, the right connection, and of course, a bit of luck. So now, I leave you with a question: What are the “big” problems that interest you and how do you envision tackling them? Several of my friends have gotten to travel to places like Nicaragua and Cambodia while involved with D-Lab projects. Sounds pretty fun! Feel free to email Tiffany at tifa(at)mit.edu or get in touch with her team if you have questions!

Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Debate Of Global Warming - 894 Words

The Debate of Global Warming Climate change is a hot-button topic in politics, conversation, and education. Both sides of the ongoing debate claim disastrous consequences. On one hand, the view of an economic focus could make the market worse. On the other, the end of life as we know it. This is a comparison essay between Al Gore s documentary a vocal advocate for global warming reform and a film made by deniers. In the film Unstoppable Solar Cycles: Rethinking Global warming. The creators express skepticism towards the cause of global warming. That s to say, they do think that temperature is rising, their skepticism is towards CO2 as the cause. Their main message is that weather changes constantly and ultimately operates in cycles. However, they do admit that this can still cause problems. And they pose the question about how we can best cope with this natural change. Overall, they worry that a focus on CO2 might cause more harm than good, and they encourage consideration of other causes other than an increase in carbon dioxide. The evidence they present for their claim is provided by looking at temperature and CO2 levels from the past 600 years. This showing that the Earth has had global warming and cooling cycles before an increase in man caused CO2. This data showing that temperature increases before CO2, not after. Yet, they do admit that CO2 does have an effect, albeit a small one. The major cause they give is the sun. The sun has magnetic field cycles and that whenShow MoreRelatedThe Debate On Global Warming1087 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Argumentive Essay Both Al Gore and Daniel Botkin have different arguments on global warming. They are both think very similar on the same topic. Because one part of the argument is serious, and the other one is not so much. But, the point is that both of their stories are pointing out to their views on this issue. But, according to Webster Dictionary, Global Warming is when the increase in the world’s temperature that is to believe to increase by carbon dioxide. Both of the authorsRead MoreDebates On Global Warming658 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿I. Global Warming: Fact or Fiction A. Background of the debate on the perceived global warming phenomenon 1. Temperature increase 2. Disparity and the reasons why B. Arguments for the perceived fact of human influence on global warming 1. The greenhouse effect 2. Global disaster C. Arguments that human influence on global warming is fictitious 1. Amount of CO2 2. Natural reasons for global warming One of the most longstanding and most passionately debated topics in the scientificRead MoreThe Debate On Global Warming1239 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversy concerning global warming. The controversy takes the form of public debate that centers on five issues (Mazo 30). The first issue is whether or not global warming is occurring. The second issue is whether global warming is real and extent it has occurred in the recent decades. The third question relates to the causes of global warming. The fourth question centers on the effects of global warming. The fifth question is whether any action needs to be taken to contain global warming. The author concursRead MoreThe Debate Over Global Warming1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe global warming debate has been at the top of the list for environmentalists increasingly over the last twenty years. The controversy of global warming is either considered due to human activity or natural causes. Although the earth’s climate and temperatures have changed, that does not mean it is humanly caused. Despite the pretense linking the association between man and global warming, which is heavily supported by consensus of scientists, eco-sensitive politicians, and the effort to restrictRead MoreThe Debate over Global Warming1406 Words   |  6 Pagesproduction of this age, our population releases environmentally harmful substances like greenhouse gases into the air every day. In recent decades’ findings, these substances have been found to trap heat in the atmosphere over time, contributing to global warming. To cut these emissions completely would bankrupt the world’s struggling, industry-dependent economy. Knowing that this isn’t a threat that will peak in our life time or even the next generation’s causes political progression to move slowly. IfRead MoreThe Debate Over Global Warming1063 Words   |  5 Pagesclimate change debate has been ongoing for nearly thirty years now, the debate is over t he causation(s) of global warming. Temperatures on earth have increased approximately 2.0 °F since the early 20th century. Levels of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane have drastically increased within the atmosphere. Both sides within the debate surrounding global climate change can agree on these points. However; disagree on a number of other possible causations of global warming. Even though thereRead MoreEssay on The Global Warming Debate768 Words   |  4 PagesThe Global Warming Debate We are polluting the atmosphere and with an increasingly wide range of polluting substances and these are due to the fact that there are now so many people and their human activities are altering the chemical compositing of the atmosphere through the buildup of gases. By the end of this article, you will start to wonder about what this is doing to our world. What is global warming? Global warming takes place because human activitiesRead MoreGlobal Warming Debate Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pages In the controversy over whether Global Warming there is two sides in which people can choose either human caused or just Mother Nature doing her thing. Most scientists will tell you that Global Warming is mostly the cause of humans. While there are some who will disagree and say that it is just nature doing what it has done for thousands of years. For most scientists the topic of global warming is one that is caused by us humans. They have many facts data to back this up. Some examples of theseRead MoreThe Debate Over Global Warming Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesAs the threat posed by global warming continues to mount, there has been much debate over how to stem the rise in global temperatures. Nearly all experts agree that the primary driver of global warming has been human activity. Over the last century and a half, human activity has released immense amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, altering the Earth’s climate. Yet, although there is a pressing need to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, it is impossible toRead MoreUnderstanding the Global Warming Debate2393 Words   |  10 Pageschanging tides and atmospheric circulation, affects the global climate (Cunningham Cunningham, 2009, p.205). Scientific studies suggest that all these played a role in past global warming an d cooling periods. At this time there is no debate that the earth is warming. However, there is serious debate over the causes, extent, and consequences of the warming (Easton, 2009, p.156). There is conflict on whether humans are causing a global warming that could be disastrous to humans and all species of

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Leadership Style Of Leadership Styles - 934 Words

There is much that is written about leadership; like books on leadership styles, techniques and also biographies of leaders that have inspired people to action. While this is true, there is the everyday leadership and a slightly different outlook to leadership as well. Here are a few of them. 1. There Are Different Kinds of Leaders Among leaders are formal and informal leaders. Formal leaders are elected to their positions like congressmen, senators and office bearers of clubs. Informal leaders on the other hand are those we look up to because of their experience and wisdom. This could be your parents, grandparents or elders in your community. Informal leaders can also be those that are respected because of their expertise and contributions in certain fields such as Albert Einstein in Theoretical Physics and Leonardo de Vinci in Arts. Whether formal or informal, these leaders practice certain styles. This could be a. Lewin s 3 basic leadership styles - autocratic or authoritative: the leader takes decisions without consulting with others - democratic or participative: the leader involves the people in the decision-making - laissez-faire or delegative: the leader s involvement in decision-making is minimized b. Likert s 4 leadership styles - exploitative authoritative: the leader has a low concern for people and uses such methods as threats and other fear-based methods to achieve conformance - benevolent authoritative: the leader adds concern for people to anShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles : Leadership Style780 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Leadership style is designed according to a pioneer s behaviors, which is enveloped under behaviorist theory. Inside of this class, distinctive examples of leadership behavior are watched and classified as leadership styles. Practicing managers have a tendency to be the most keen on looking into this specific theory in light of the fact that with it leaders can modify their style taking into account the convictions, values, inclinations and society of the association they work for.Read MoreLeadership Styles And Leadership Style1026 Words   |  5 PagesThe fourth subject is the leadership style. As of right now the company is an autocratic style. This means that there is less communication involved. â€Å"In an autocratic leadership style, the person in charge has total authority and control over decision making.† (Leadership Toolbox) The leadership style mainly effects the employees. The reason for this is because with an autocratic leadership, there is less communication. The employees have opinions in the business and they want to share thoseRead MoreLeadership Styles Of Leadership Style1399 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is leadership? Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines leadership as â€Å"the power or ability to lead other people†. Although this is simply put, it is also correct. But leadership is much more than the ability to lead. The ability is one piece of the puzzle. Other pieces to consider in leadership are education, attributes, and style, just to name a few. In this assignment, I will focus on leadership style. Specifically, I will discuss my style according to the assessment developed byRead MoreLeadership Style Of Leadership Styles897 Words   |  4 PagesThe last style of leadership is delegative leadership in which the leader delegates tasks to the employees. This leader is abl e to derive satisfaction from allowing the staff to participate in decision making responsibilities (Brody and Nair, 2014, p. 4). These leadership styles are not set in stone and characteristics may overlap into other leaderships styles. The leadership style that would best suit a rural area is participate leadership style. In rural areas agencies and organizations lack resourceRead MoreLeadership Styles And Leadership Style851 Words   |  4 Pageswant to give critical thought to your unique leadership style and foster genuine followership, learn from what’s out there and weave it into something meaningful and authentic.† (Feiner, 2015) For the last two weeks, I have spent time self-analyzing and soul searching to identify the qualities I bring to a leadership role. Many of the core values important to me also align between the participative leadership style and laissez-faire leadership style. These values include working in a team environmentRead MoreThe Leadershi p Style Of Leadership Styles1994 Words   |  8 Pagesthat leadership is a kind of ability or activity which a leader could straight affect and guide their followers to achieve certain objectives in the specific situation (John Calvin Maxwell,2011). The shifting internal elements and increasing external competitions have posed growing demanding to managers’ leadership approaches. However, managers are provided with various personalities or perspectives, accordingly, managers are not accomplishing their aims by using similar styles. The leadership styleRead MoreLeadership Styles : Leadership Style995 Words   |  4 PagesLeaders are expected to use a leadership style, communication skills, and their knowledge of interpersonal and team dynamics to create an appropriate quality of work life for their followers in the workplace. A leadership style is a combination of a leader’s attitude, expertise, character, and values that is exhibited in the leader’s behavior. Each style of leadership reflects a leader’s beliefs about a follower’s capabilities. A follower’s perception of leadership style really matters to them, as theyRead MoreLeadership Styles : Leadership Style979 Words   |  4 Pagestheir own leadership style. In her article, Johnson (n.d.) discusses five leadership styles: Laissez-Faire, autocratic, transactional, transformational and participative. Laissez-Faire has a French origin and it means â€Å"a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering† (Oxford dictionaries, 2016). When leaders take total control, such as making all decisions alone and does not ask for the input of the employees, they are using the autocratic leadership style. ThisRead MoreLeadership Style Of Leadership Styles Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagesprobably feel as if they know enough about leadership to speak on the subject. In many cases, however, this is not truly the case at all. Leadership is a broad concept, and there are several different styles and approaches to consider when studying the topic. It is important to consider these styles and approaches when evaluating the effectiveness, or lack thereof, of any particular form of leadership. With that in mind, this essay will consider the leadership styles of two leaders who are involved in theRead MoreLeadership Styles Of Leadership Style1088 Words   |  5 PagesConsider what leadership or management style speaks most to you. Discuss that particular style, explain why it fits you better than others. Alternatively, consider the leadership or management style fits you least. Explain what is least desirable with that style from your perspective. What leadership or management style speaks most to me? They are a few leadership styles that I venerate. The Transformational Leadership, the Visionary Leadership, and the Charismatic Leadership styles are the most

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Psychological Affects of End-of-Life Care Free Essays

As people approach the end of their lives, they with their families and their caregivers, face many tasks and decisions. They may be psychological, spiritual, or medical in nature, but all end-of-life choices and medical decisions have complex psychological components, ramifications, and consequences that have a significant impact on the suffering patients and their caregivers. Hospice is a special healthcare option for patients and families faced with a terminal illness. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Affects of End-of-Life Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now At Hospice there’s a multidisciplinary team of physicians, nurses social workers, bereavement counselors and volunteers that work together to address the physical, social, emotional and spiritual needs of each patient and family members (â€Å"Hospice†). The main focus of Hospice is to address the issues that are most important to the patients’ needs or wants at the end of his/her life. The term â€Å"Hospice† comes from medieval times when it referred to a place of shelter and rest for weary or ill travelers on a long journey (Hospice). The name was first applied to specialized care for dying patients by Physician Dame Cicely Saunders, who began her work with the terminally ill in 1948 and eventually went on to create the first modern hospice—St. Christopher’s Hospice—in a residential suburb of London (National). Her lecture, given to medical students, nurses, social workers, and chaplains about the concept of holistic hospice care, included photos of terminally ill cancer patients and their families, showing the dramatic differences before and after the symptom control care. This later resulted in the development of hospice care as you know it today (National). Caregiving is associated with physical, psychological, and financial burdens. Hospice nurses perform many traditional nursing duties such as observing, assessing, and recording symptoms. They still work closely with physicians, administering medications and providing emotional support, although psychologists do not have much of a presence in the hospice movement. Medications that hospice nurses administer and the symptoms they record are not intended to aid a patient in his or her recovery, but rather to make his or her remaining days as comfortable as possible (â€Å"Hospice†). Being a nurse of any kind is very difficult, but dealing every day with a dying patient requires an  extraordinary temperament, one that symbolizes great caring and patience (â€Å"Career†). It can be especially trying on nurses to attend patients who are as young as or younger than the nurse themselves are. Palliative care highlights the total well-being of the patient as well as that of loved ones and caregivers. The caregiver is there to listen, support, encourage, comfort and help the patient. Their goal is to prevent, treat, or eliminate discomfort whenever and, however it appears, never about giving up hope (â€Å"Career†). Every caregiver may be required to provide a variety of care tasks including physical, emotional, and practical. Research shows that families find personal care to be the most physically and emotionally challenging aspect of caregiving. Emotional care involves listening, talking, reading, or playing music (Collins). Providing the kind and loving companionship that patient may need during the end-of-life process. Handling insurance and other legal matters, taking care of financial concerns such as paying bills, coordinating visits with loved ones, friends and hospice staff is all a part of practical care (Collins). Along with discussing and ensuring that all of the patients’ wishes are carried out if also the healthcare power of attorney (â€Å"What†). In 2009; 66 million Americans (3 in 10 U.S. Households) reported at least one person providing unpaid care as a family caregiver (Collins). Under Medicare, hospice is primarily a program of care delivered in a person’s home by a Medicare – approved hospice. Reasonable and necessary medical and support services for the management of a terminal illness are furnished under a plan-of-care established by the beneficiary’s attending physician and the hospice team (Berry13). Hospice care is available under Medicare only if: the patient is approved for Medicare Part A, the patient’s doctor and the hospice medical director certify that the patient is terminally ill with six months or less to live if the disease runs its expected course, the patient signs a statement choosing hospice care instead of standard Medicare benefits for the terminal illness, or the patient receives care from a Medicare-approved hospice program (â€Å"Hospice†). Hospice care can be provided by an agency or organization that is primarily engaged in furnishing services to terminally ill individuals and their families. To receive Medicare payment, the agency or organization must be approved by Medicare to provide hospice services (Berry15). Approval for hospice is required even if the agency or  organization is already approved by Medicare to provide other kinds of health services. Medicare pays the hospice directly at specified rates depending on the type of care given each day. The hospice can charge five percent of the reasonable cost, up to a maximum of five dollars, for each prescription for outpatient drugs or biological for pain relief and symptom management related to the terminal illness (Collins). When Medicare beneficiaries choose hospice care, they give up the right to standard Medicare benefits only for treatment of the terminal illness. If the patient, who must have Part A in order to use the Medicare hospice benefit, also has Medicare Part B, he or she can use all appropriate Medicare Part A and Part B benefits for the treatment of health problems unrelated to the terminal illness. When standard benefits are used, the patient is responsible for Medicare’s deductible and coinsurance amounts (Berry 14). All services required for treatment of the terminal illness must be provided by or through the hospice. If not through the hospice then Medicare will not pay for treatment for the terminal illness which is not for symptom management and pain control. If you receive care given by another healthcare provider that was not arranged by the patients’ hospice or if the patient is receiving duplicate care Medicare will no longer fund in the patients’ healthcare (Berry14). When a patient is expected to live six months or less is when hospice is referred. Although many hospice patients have cancer as their primary diagnosis, hospice provides care to patients of all ages who are dealing with any potentially life-limiting illness, including Alzheimer’s, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dementia, and emphysema. Once the patient has been diagnosed and chooses hospice care, this can generally take place at home or as in-patient care. Hospice neither prolongs life nor hastens death, but controls pain and discomfort allowing a person to live as fully and comfortably as possible during life’s final journey (â€Å"Career†). Pain control is one of the central goals of hospice care. Every person facing a serious illness hopes for as little pain as possible. Fortunately, with advances in modern medicine, physical suffering can now be almost entirely manages, and in some cases eliminated. From the legal standpoint, the federal guidelines regulating hospice require the hospice to make every reasonable effort to assure that the patient’s pain is controlled (Berry3). Most state laws governing hospice  also make pain control a primary and required component of hospice care. The hospice Interdisciplinary Team and the hospice Registered Nurse case manager are focused on making sure the patient is comfortable. The Attending Physician who orders all medications should be focused on the same goal, and in many cases does see to it that the patient is kept comfortable. Unfortunately, for varying reasons, some physicians may not order the needed medications to adequately control the patient’s pain (Berry4). In these cases, the hospice staff must intervene to protect the patient and make sure the patient gets what is needed to control pain. The hospice Medical Director, being a physician, has the authority to give medical orders and can intervene to provide the patient with the needed medications. In fact, the hospice Medical Director is required by law to make sure the patient’s medical needs are met; these needs include medication for pain (Berry4). When dealing with patients and families in hospice care, the psychological and social needs of both patients and family members must be met in order to improve the quality of life throughout the dying process. Many caregivers and loved ones feel overwhelmed by the fact that end-of-life may be near for someone they love; you have to have realization that the patient is not going to get any better despite your best care. It may bring feelings of frustration, anger, sadness, grief and loss to the family of the patient (â€Å"What†). Ignoring feelings of depression, anxiety, confusion or delirium can be harmful†¦ Expressing can be freeing. 48 children and spousal caregivers of hospice patients and 36 controls were evaluated shortly before deaths of their loved ones and again at 2, 7, and 13 months after their deaths. All subjects were administered the Hamilton Raitina Scale for depression, symptom innovatory and the Texas Revised instrument of Grief (Dutton 30). Caring for a loved one who is nearing death can be important time of growth for caregivers. Experience can bring a deep sense of joy and satisfaction in having helped to make a loved one’s last days happier, and more peaceful. Studies indicate that the majority of patients would like their spiritual issues addressed. Spirituality has to do with respecting the inherent value and dignity of all patients. It is very important for the patients’ beliefs to be known to healthcare workers so the patient is not disrespected in any way by the healthcare worker (Karnes2). Patients tend to become more spiritually connected during end-of-life care because they are  nearing the end of their journey. Families are impacted emotionally and spiritually and will be grieving the loss of their lived one whereas their journey is beginning (Karnes6). When a loved one dies, mourning is an essential step in the healing process for those suffering the pain and confusion of loss (Karnes8). Counselors work with clients to validate the experience of grief, find the strength and coping skills, and eventually regain a sense of hope (Karnes7). While grief is very personal, there are many common experiences that accompany the death of a loved one. Talking with a counselor helps clients learn more about the natural process of grief and identify areas of strength and support, as well as areas of potential growth (Collins). Grief support group sessions provide the opportunity for people to meet others who are experiencing similar losses. Grief that accompanies the death of a loved one often comes in waves-and sometimes those waves arrive in the days and weeks that follow. At other times, it may be months-or even years- before the reality of the loss sinks in (Karnes11). Family members may also be grieving over the fact that financial issues may accompany them after their loved one passes. There is always help for any patient or family member in need. After learning more about Hospice and the care that they provide it’s more of a â€Å"safe haven† and a place of comfort for you or your loved ones that are passing. Many others would personally choose hospice as their end-of-life care. How to cite Psychological Affects of End-of-Life Care, Essays

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Schizo Essay Example For Students

Schizo Essay I am writing this paper to clear up any misunderstandings about this disease. I want everyone to know what it is truly about. Because of the wide spread misunderstanding of this disease, I feel that it is not getting the true attention it deserves. People do not understand how frustrating, disappointing, and seemingly hopeless this illness can become. During my research I found out that many more people have Schizophrenia than most would like to admit. In fact, one percent of our entire population suffers from this disease. That is over 2 million people. The only good news is that this disease has a low rate of genetic inheritance. If one of your parents has this disease you would only have a 10 percent chance of getting it yourself. And only a one percent chance if you have no known sufferers in your family. Schizophrenia is a disease that takes over your brain. It distorts your reality and turns life into a confusing daily journey. The newest theory is that children are born with i t. During their childhood and early teen years schizophrenics go through a latency stage where the disease is not apparent. The first occurrence of this disease may transpire in their late teens or early twenties. This may be as simple as any shocking change in behavior. Schizophrenia emerges at different times in men and women. It can becomevisible as early as 17 in males, while it appears in their late twenties and early thirties for females. The classic symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, false reality experiences, social isolation, unusual speech or behavior, and disorganization of thoughts of speech. They may become preoccupied with their fictitious world. The hallucinations deal with your taste, smell, sight, sound, and visual senses. During these hallucinations they hare voices in their head. These voices may be telling them to perform certain activities, talk to the person they are hearing, or even may be warning them of a future dangerous situation. There can be seven different voices all talking at once, thus causing the patient to become confused. Because people with Schizophrenia cannot grasp the cause of what is affecting them, they do not believe they are sick. This causes problems with doctors who are trying to give them treatment. Because the patient is oblivious to the disease, they are unwilling to so much as accept treatment. Surprisingly there is not a sure fire way of curing schizophrenia at the moment, but doctors are working hard to find one. According to the American Psychological Association Monitor, there have been great advances in medicine for schizophrenia. Doctors believethat ten to twenty percent of those with schizophrenia can recover. Other studies have shown a percentage recovery rate of 68 percent. These numbers are based on a program best known as Psychosocial Rehabilitation. This program is practiced in over 4,000 centers across the country. According to Ruth Hughes, PhD, only one in ten of the people who need psychosocial care for schizophrenia is getting it. However, the National Institutes of Health states that nearly a quarter of all mental illness costs combined are connected to schizophrenia. The Institute also reports that the total costs of Schizophrenia treatment reaches 30 billion to 65 billion dollars each year! It makes you wonder where all that money is going!After all of my work I am more upset than ever about the way schizophrenia is viewed, and the way people with it are treated. Around 2.5 million Americans suffer from this disease, yet none of them are getting the treatment they so desperately need. I hope this paper has cleared up a few questions about schizophrenia. I only with there was a way to get the word out to more people.

Wednesday, March 25, 2020

Chinese Interpretation of Various Aspects of Life through the Film titled Red Cliff

The ancient Chinese film titled Red Cliff showcases Chinese epic war. The film’s concepts were borrowed from the battle of red cliffs and occurrences, which took place during the final stages of Han Dynasty. In addition, the film was produced just before the emancipation of the famous Chinese three kingdoms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese Interpretation of Various Aspects of Life through the Film titled Red Cliff specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The film symbolizes the Chinese interpretation of various aspects of life such as the relationship between man and nature, and the relationship between an individual and the state. This paper endeavors to analyze how the film Red Cliff displays the Chinese interpretation of various aspects of life, most importantly, the relationship between man and nature, and the relationship between an individual and the state. An Overview of Battle of Red Cliffs The bat tle of red cliffs marked the end of the Han Dynasty. A great warrior known as Cao Cao led his group from the South and fought with his rivals who were led by Liu Cong. As a result, Liu Cong gave up Jing Province (McCurry 5). This was a significant achievement for Cao Cao. After Cao Cao had captured Jing Province, other rivals united to oppose him. Lu Su and Lie Bei combined and formed a strong force that fought Cao Cao’s men at Red Cliffs (Elley 6). The battle between Cao Cao’s warlords and the combined force consisting of Su and Bei’s supporters is known as the battle of red cliffs. The combined force rattled Cao Cao’s men forcing them to retreat. Consequently, Cao Cao conceded defeat. As a result, Cao Cao flew to the North. This boosted the strength of Su and Bei’s territories. Cao Cao decided to consolidate his power in the North. Later, another ruler known as Sun fought Cao Cao and captured Jing Province. After the death of Cao Cao, Lu declared himself as the king of Han Dynasty. However, the remnants of the Han Dynasty engaged in various fights until the dynasty collapsed completely. The collapse of the Dynasty paved way for the emergence of the three kingdoms (McCurry 5). An Overview of the Three Kingdoms The three Kingdoms is a Chinese historical era, which was mainly characterized by disunity. It occurred immediately after the collapse of Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty is considered as a significant historical event that has shaped Chinese political and cultural aspects. During the Han Dynasty era, China was divided into various regions, which served as administrative posts (Tang 7). In addition, the country had a number of autonomous kingdoms. During the Han Dynasty, China realized economic prosperity. The country was divided into three regional markets. They included the Northwest, the North and the Sichuan. In addition, the routes connecting the three markets were manmade, and they were controlled by the government. The government had immense power and it controlled many affairs. When the Han Dynasty collapsed, the three kingdoms emerged.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This period is regarded as the bloodiest in the Country’s history. It was marred with violence as each kingdom fought for supremacy (Tang 7). However, during the three kingdoms period, the county realized numerous technological advancements (Elley 8). The three kingdoms finally collapsed following disagreements between leaders of the rival kingdoms. Many individuals who lived during this period have become legends. The film titled Red Cliff mirrors the events of the battle of red cliff. A critical Analysis The first Chinese model explaining the relationship between an individual and the state was documented by Zhang Taiyan (UCP, 2004). Zhang engineered the nationalism concept. Individuals are supposed to put their nati on first (UCP 3). This concept is reflected in the film Red Cliff. In the Film, which is a reflection of the battle of red cliffs, which occurred many centuries ago, each leader puts the country’s interest first. In the film, there are several rival territories each competing for sovereignty as was the case in the battle of red cliffs. For example, the character who mimics Cao Coa aims at solidifying his region’s economic and military prowess. Thus, he fights his rival, Liu Cong in order to capture Jing province. Jing province was an economic and agricultural centre and any leader wanted to control this province. In the film, Red Cliff, the character who is portrayed as Coa Coa shows nationalism by fighting in order to secure a key economic territory for his kingdom. Likewise, the other leaders like Lu Su and Lie Bei fought for the benefit of their territories. At that time, each territory was seen as an independent state, so each leader strived to protect his territor y. The approach used by Lu Su and Lie Bei in which they formed an allied force to oppose Coa Coa’s rivalry, is also highlighted in the film on Red Cliff. This is another sign of the Chinese interpretation of nationalism. The two leaders, Lu Su and Lie Bei, represent true nationalism by joining forces to conquer the enemy. According to Zhan’s interpretation of nationalism, individuals are supposed to cooperate during hard times (UCP 3). In addition, the Chinese interpretation with regard to the relationship between man and nature is best explained ecologically. On top of that, the relationship between man and nature is also linked to the Chinese concept of Confucianism. Thus, the respect for humanity is paramount. Since man relies on nature, Chinese believed that nature has to be guarded against harm. This concept is also portrayed in the film Red Cliff. The rival parties did not interfere with nature. Chinese believe that nature and man are friends and their friendship should not be compromised. Chinese believed that there â€Å"is a need to awe the mandate of heaven and the benevolent regarding anything under heaven and on earth as an integral unity† (Meng 1). Chinese tradition with regard to nature has received global fame. The Chinese culture sees man as an integral part of nature.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese Interpretation of Various Aspects of Life through the Film titled Red Cliff specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the Chinese tradition, taking life as the essence of benevolence enlivens not only the human consciousness of life, but also an ecology oriented consciousness† (Meng 1). These aspects are portrayed in the film of Red Cliffs. Red Cliff showcases Chinese epic war between rival territories. However, even in the midst of a tough battle, nature is guarded. This is a clear interpretation of the Chinese view with regard to the rel ationship between man and nature. Conclusion This paper has noted that the concepts of the film Red Cliff were borrowed from battle of red cliffs and occurrences, which took place during the final stages of Han Dynasty. The film symbolizes the Chinese interpretation of various aspects of life such as the relationship between man and nature, and the relationship between an individual and the state. The battle of the Red Cliff marked the end of the Han Dynasty. A great warrior known as Cao Cao led his group from the south and fought with his rivals who were led by Liu Cong. As a result, Liu Cong gave up Jing Province. This led to the emancipation of the three kingdoms. The three Kingdoms is a Chinese historical era, which was mainly characterized by disunity. It occurred immediately after the collapse of Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty is considered as a significant historical event that has shaped Chinese political and cultural aspects. The first Chinese model explaining the relationshi p between an individual and the state was documented by Zhang Taiyan (UCP, 2004). Zhang engineered the nationalism concept. Individuals are supposed to put their nation first (UCP 5). In the film Red Cliff, the main character shows nationalism by fighting to secure a key economic territory for his kingdom. Likewise, the other characters mimic leaders like Lu Su and Lie Bei also fight for their regions’ wellbeing. At that time, each territory was seen as an independent state, so each leader strived to protect his territory. The approach used by Lu SU and Lie Bei in which they formed an allied force to oppose Coa Coa’s rivalry is also highlighted in the film Red Cliff. This is another sign of the Chinese interpretation of nationalism. In addition, the Chinese interpretation with regard to the relationship between man and nature is best explained ecologically. On top of that, the relationship between man and nature is also linked to the Chinese concept of Confucianism. Th us, the respect for humanity is paramount. Since man relies on nature, Chinese believe that nature has to be guarded from harm. These aspects are portrayed in the film Red Cliffs. Red Cliff showcases Chinese epic war between rival territories. However, even in the midst of a tough battle, nature is guarded. This is a clear interpretation of the Chinese view with regard to the relationship between man and nature; man and nature are friends.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Elley, Derek. The Red Cliff Review. Moviereviews 29 June 2008. Web. McCurry, Justin. â€Å"Chinese epic loses the plot as actors quit  £40m project†. The Guardian 2 April 2007: 1-10. Web. Meng, Peiyuan. Relationship Between Man and Nature in Traditional Human Rights Concepts of China and West. Chinesestudies 4 May 2008. Web. Tang, Ayu. Choice of Kaneshiro as Zhuge Liang criticized. Asiansite 12 March 2007. Web. University of Califonia Press (UCP). The Relationship between the Individual and the People. Chinesestudies 7 May 2004. Web. This essay on Chinese Interpretation of Various Aspects of Life through the Film titled Red Cliff was written and submitted by user Kat1e to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Friday, March 6, 2020

One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich essays

One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich essays Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isaevich. One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich, New YorkPress, 1963. The novel, A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich is intentionally not sensational. It is an expose of Stalinist labor camps, and of the Soviet system generally, but it accomplishes this through understatement and indirection. This work, however, is much more than a political indictment. Its power derives from its depiction of a man retaining his humanity under inhumane conditions. Shukov is not a heroic figure, but he wins our admiration for his cleverness, his endurance, and his simple integrity. This novel also shows a nice cross section of how soviet life was. It shows how citizens in Russia really had no freedom to speak thier mind. Solzhenitsyn who had to endure the harsh reality of labor camps himself, gives a good recount of the harsh brutalness of just one of the soviets controlling machines. Through Shukov, Solzhenitsyn suggests that there are certain qualities which must be retained no matter what the circumstances if we are to maintain our humanity. Primary among these is self-respect. Shukov works constantly to increase his odds of survival, but there are definite things, lying and begging among them, which he will not do. The novel concentrates on one man, Ivan Denisovich Shukhov, as he attempts to survive another day in a Soviet concentration camp, or gulag, with dignity and humanity. The conditions of the camp are harsh, reflecting a world that has no tolerance for independence. Camp prisoners rely almost totally on each other's productivity and altruism, even for the most basic human need, food. The dehumanizing atmosphere of the gulag ironically forces prisoners to discover means to retain their individuality while conforming to the stringent rules, spoken and unspoken, of the camp. The characters in Ivan Denisovich bring a liveliness to the novel. The narrator Ivan Denisovich is bo...

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

3d character modeling Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

3d character modeling - Research Proposal Example These animated fictional characters impress a considerable size of audience and they want more! Some of the recent movies which are known for their attractive animation are Shrek (Part 1 to 3), Happy Feet, Lion King, and Star Wars, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa - and the list goes on and on. People enjoy watching animation but what they might not know is that a lot of work is involved to create that animation. This research paper is concerned with 3D Modeling, its definition, features, and the industry in the past and at present. The aim of the research is to use 3D modeling to create fictional characters which can later be taken and usable for different purposes, and to gain knowledge of creating high quality 3D characters. The paper also speaks about the analysis of the production stages, character development, the methodology used and the research tools. 3D modeling refers to the creation of three-dimensional objects that are defined mathematically and geometrically (i.e. a circle extruded to a certain value to create a cylinder defined by its location, radius and length). 3D modeling can be aided by the use of scan data. (n.d Common 3D Scanning Industry Terms) The classic hand-animated Disney film ‘Snow White’ was released in the year 1937. This year was called the beginning of the ‘golden age’ for animation. Since then Disney has released a lot of hand- animated films that are enjoyed by people of all ages, right from small children to adults. However, today, with the advancement of 3D technology, everything is done with the computer. All you need to have is an eye for art and creativity. The computer takes care of the rest! (The 3D Debate, n.d) The multimedia industry has seen tremendous growth in the past few years. Today, the 3D technology is used in a lot of areas like education, entertainment, and so on. Lessons are taught in schools and colleges using 3D animated

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Ashura practices (religious practice) Research Paper

Ashura practices (religious practice) - Research Paper Example gious practice may depend on the commitment that a follower ascribes to the act as well as the pledge to keep practicing that act even among future generations. Usually, meaning increases when members of the faith agree the symbolic value of the happening on, and if it is associated with the historical roots of the religious group. Typical examples of religious practices include baptism, where members are immersed in water and transformed into new spiritual beings; this mostly happens in Christian groups. Fasting is also common among a series of faiths such as Islam, Buddhism and Christianity; it involves abstinence from food for a certain period in order to focus and strengthen one’s religious conviction. Even a simple act like attendance of a religious ceremony in a Jewish temple, mosque or church may also be regarded as a religious practice. Islam, just like other religions, has a series of practices; some may differ depending on one’s sect or religious conviction but others are common to all. The five pillars of Islam are religious practices that all believers in the faith agree on, and they include shahada, salat, zakat, sawm and hajj (Chibli 34). The first one refers to acknowledgement of the supremacy of the God Allah and his prophet Muhammad while the second one focuses on five obligatory prayers. Giving the poor alms, fasting in the holy month of Ramadan and visiting Mecca at least once are the other shared religious practices respectively (Wheeler 59). Ashura is a religious practice that is also common to all Muslims, but the meaning of the day and its manifestation are significantly different between the two predominant religious groups. Sunni Muslims largely centre on the Prophet’s interpretation of the day; it commemorates the day that Noah‘s ark was rescued as well as the day when God gave Moses the ten commandments (Wilfrid and Nourallah 141). It is also historically significant because it is believed that this was the day when several

Monday, January 27, 2020

Cisa Questionnaire The Is Audit Process Information Technology Essay

Cisa Questionnaire The Is Audit Process Information Technology Essay This is sampling example of compliance, as it states whether controls are functional as per the policy. This will include taking samples of new user account creation forms and match it to ensure process is being followed. Variable sampling is used to determine numerical value. Substantive sampling tests the integrity of process such as credit / debit values, balances on financial statements. Stop or go sampling technique prohibits excessive sampling of an attribute. The Stop and go statistical sampling technique in a scenario where it is believed or perceived that relatively few errors will be exposed, so there is point in wasting over sampling of an attribute. Use of statistical sample for tape library inventory is an example of ____ type of sampling technique. Variable Substantive Compliance Stop or go Ans. B Explanation This is an example of substantive sampling which confirms the integrity of a process. This test will determine whether tape library records are stated in a correct manner. What is the major benefit of risk based audit planning approach? Planning scheduling in advance over months Staff exposure to varied technologies Resources allocation to areas of top concern Budget requirements are met by audit staff Ans. C Explanation The objective of risk based audit approach is focus on areas where risk is high. Various scheduling methods are used to prepare audit schedules and it does not come under risk based approach. It also does not relate to budget requirements met by staff and number of audits performed in a given year. Examples of substantive sampling technique include: Review of password history reports Approval for configuration parameters changes Tape library inventory Verifying list of exception reports Ans. C Explanation Tape library inventory is an example of substantive sampling as it confirms the integrity of a process associated with determining whether tape records are stated in a correct manner. All others are example of compliance sampling as they determine whether the process in practice is inline with the established policies and procedures. The characteristic of an audit charter is: Is dynamic is nature and keeps changing frequently as the technology changes It contains the objectives of audit, maintenance and review of internal records by delegated authority Detailed audit procedures Overall scope, ownership and responsibility of audit function Ans. D Explanation Audit charter states management objectives, scope, ownership and delegation of responsibility of audit function. It should not change frequently and approved by higher management. Also it does not contain detail audit procedures. The auditor actions and decisions impact the ___ type of risk in a major manner. Inherent Detection Control Business Ans. B Explanation Auditor selection / decisions during the audit process have direct impact on detection risks, such as enough number of samples not taken into consideration etc. Company actions manage the control risks and business and inherent risks are also not impacted by auditor. Particular threat to overall business risk can be articulated in terms of: Likelihood and magnitude of impact , where threat successfully exploited a vulnerability Magnitude of impact, where source of threat successfully exploited a vulnerability Probability of a given source of threat exploiting a vulnerability Risk assessment team group decision Ans. A Explanation The choice A addresses both likelihood and magnitude of impact and measures risk to an asset in best manner. Choice B doesnt consider the magnitude of possible damage to an asset. Choice C dont consider the possibility of damage due to source threat exploiting a vulnerability and choice D is an arbitrary method of determining risk and it is not a scientific risk management approach. Risk management approach over baseline approach in information security management gives a major advantage in terms of: Overprotection of information assets Base level protection to all assets irrespective of asset value Adequate protection applied to all information assets Equal level of protection for all information assets Ans. C Explanation Baseline approach applies a standard set of protection to all information assets whereas the risk management based approach determines the level of protection to be applied depending on a given level of risk. This saves the costs incurred on overprotection of an information asset. In baseline approach equal level of protection is applied for all information assets irrespective of asset value so as a result some assets could be under protective and some could be overprotective. Which testing method is most effective when doing the compliance testing? Attribute sampling Variable sampling Stratified mean per unit Difference estimation Ans. A Explanation Choice A is appropriate in this scenario. As attribute sampling model estimate the rate of occurrence of a specific quality in a population to confirm whether quality is present in compliance testing. The other means of sampling are used in substantive testing where details and quantity testing is done. Why email is considered a useful source of evidence in litigation in IS audit process? Wide use of email systems in enterprises as medium of communication Access control mechanisms to establish email communication accountability Backup and archiving of information flowing through email systems Data classification guidelines dictating information flow via email systems Ans. C Explanation Option C is most appropriate as archived/ backed up email files, may contain documents which have been deleted and could be recovered. Access controls only establish accountability but dont give evidence of the email. Data classification standardizes what to be communicated by email but dont provide information needed for litigation process. A post implementation review of an application is scheduled by IS auditor. What could be the possible situation which can hamper the independent assessment of IS auditor. Involved in the development of specific application and implemented specific functionality / control Integrated an embedded audit module in the application for auditing purpose Was member of application system project team but not involved at operational level Given advice on considering best practices while system was in development stage Ans. A Explanation Choice A is most appropriate in this scenario because the auditor independence is impaired in case he was involved actively during the development, acquisition and implementation of the new application. Choice B and C dont hamper auditor independence. And Choice D is not correct as auditor independence is not hampered by given advice on best known practices. What is the benefit of continuous audit approach: Collection of evidence is not required on system reliability during the processing stage Review and follow up on all information collected Improvement in overall security in time sharing environment where large number of transactions processed No dependency on complexity of organizations systems Ans. C Explanation Choice C is most appropriate w.r.t to continuous audit process major benefit as overall security is improved in time sharing environments where large number of transactions is processed but leaving insufficient trail of papers. Choice A is not correct as auditor need to collect evidence while processing is ON. Choice B is also not correct in this case as auditor does review and follows up on errors and material deficiency. Choice D is also incorrect as complexity of organization systems determines the use of continuous audit process technique. The objective of enabling audit trail is: Better response time for users Institute Accountability of processed transactions Improving operational efficiency of systems Better tracking of transactions to give useful information to auditors Ans. B Explanation Choice B is most appropriate in this scenario as accountability and responsibility can be established for processed transactions and tracing could be done end to end. Enabling audit trail dont improve user experience as it might involve additional processing which may impact user response time in other way. Choice D could also be considered valid but it is not the main reason for the purpose of enabling audit trails. In a risk based audit strategy, risk assessment is done by IS auditor to ensure: Risk mitigation controls are in place Threats and vulnerabilities are identified Risks related to audit are taken into consideration Gap analysis is done as per the need Ans. B Explanation Choice B is most appropriate in this scenario. Identification of threats and vulnerabilities is crucial in determining the scope of audit. Effect of an audit would be to develop controls to mitigate risks. Audit risks are not relevant to risk analysis of environment. Gap analysis compares the actual state to expected or desired state. A gap could be result of a risk not being correctly addressed or missed out. In order to achieve best value to organization in terms of audit resources we should : Do audit scheduling and measure the time spent on audits Training of audit staff on latest audit technologies Chalk out detailed plan based on risk assessment Progress monitoring of audits and have cost control measures in place Ans. C Explanation Choice C is most appropriate in this scenario. This will deliver value to organization in terms of dedicating resources on higher risk areas. Choice A, B and D will improve the staff productivity only. An IS audit charter includes: Plan for IS audit engagements Scope and objective of audit engagement Training plan for audit staff IS audit function role Ans. D Explanation Choice D is applicable in this scenario. Choice A is responsibility of audit management. Scope and objective is agreed on engagement letter and training of staff is again responsibility of audit management based on audit plan. In the evaluation of risk assessment of Information system. The IS auditor will first review: Controls in place Effectiveness of implemented controls Monitoring mechanism for risks related to assets Threats/ vulnerabilities impacting assets Ans. D Explanation Risks associated with using assets need to be evaluated first so choice D is most appropriate in this scenario. Controls effectiveness is part of risk mitigation stage and risk monitoring is part of risk monitoring function after risk assessment phase. During an audit plan, the most critical step is: High risk areas identification Skill set identification of audit team Identification of test steps in audit Identification of time allotted to audit Ans. A Explanation The choice A is appropriate in this scenario. The identification of high risk areas is most critical step as that will determine the areas to be focused during the audit. Skill set is determined before audit to begin. Test steps and time for audit is determined on the basis of areas to be audited. How much data to be collected during audit process will be determined on the basis of: Ease of obtaining the information records Familiarity with the environment to be audited Ease of obtaining the evidence Scope and purpose of audit Ans. D Explanation Scope and purpose will determine the amount of sample data to be collected during the audit. All other choices are irrelevant in this scenario as audit process is not hampered by ease of obtaining records or evidences or familiarity with the environment. During the audit plan, assessment of risk should provide: An assurance that audit will cover material items Material items would be covered definitely during the audit work Reasonable assurance that All items will be covered by audit work Assurance to suffice that all items will be covered during the audit work Ans. A Explanation Choice A. ISACA audit guideline G15 clearly states that An assessment of risk should be made to provide reasonable assurance that material items will be adequately covered during the audit work. Definite assurance clause in choice B is impractical, option C is also not correct as it states all items. Statistical sampling should be used by IS auditor and not judgmental sampling in the scenario: Objective quantification of error probability Avoidance of sampling risk by auditor General use audit software is available Unable to determine the tolerable error rate Ans. A Explanation With an expected error rate and confidence level, objective method of sampling is statistical in nature as it helps auditor to determine size of sample and quantify error probability or likelihood. Choice B is not correct because sampling risk is risk of sample. Choice C is also incorrect as statistical sampling doesnt need general software. Choice D is also incorrect because tolerable error rate is predetermined in statistical and judgmental sampling. The primary goal of an auditor during the IS audit planning stage is: Address audit objectives Sufficient evidence collection Mention appropriate tests Use less audit resources Ans. A Explanation As per ISACA guidelines auditor plan must address audit objectives. Choice B is not correct because evidence is not collected at planning stage. Choice C and D are also incorrect because they are not initial goals of audit plan. During an audit procedure selection, auditor will have to use professional judgment to ascertain: Sufficient evidence collection Identification of significant deficiencies and there correction in reasonable time period Material weakness identified Maintain minimal level of audit costs Ans. A Explanation Professional judgment during the course of an audit process involves subjective and qualitative evaluation of conditions. It is based more on past experience of auditor and auditor past experience plays a key role in this. Identification of material weaknesses is result of experience and planning thoroughness and also it does not deal with financial aspects of audit as stated in choice D. While evaluating logical access controls an auditor first: Documentation of controls applied to all possible access paths to system Testing of controls to access paths to determine they are functional Evaluation of security environment w.r.t. policies and procedures laid down Obtaining an understanding of security risks to information processing facilities Ans. D Explanation Choice D is most appropriate in this scenario. The first step is to gather security risks to information processing facilities, by studying documentation, inquiries and doing risk assessment. Documentation and evaluation is next step. Third step is to test access paths to ensure controls functionality. The last is auditor evaluation of security environment. The objective of forensic audit is to: Participation in investigations related to corporate fraud Evidence collection on systematic basis after system irregularity Assessment of correctness of organizations financial statements Determine if there was any criminal activity Ans. B Explanation Choice B is correct as evidence collection is used for juridical process. They are not only for corporate frauds. Financial statements correctness determination is not purpose of forensic audit. And criminal activity could be part of legal process but it is not the objective of forensic audit. An auditor is reviewing a backup log report of remote server backup. One of the entries in the backup log indicates failure to login to remote server for backup and there is no entry in log which confirms that backup was restarted. What IS auditor should do? Issue audit finding Explanation required from IS management Issue a non compliance Increase sample of logs to be reviewed Ans. D Explanation Choice D is appropriate in this case. Before issue audit finding or seeking explanation, or issue of non compliance auditor needs to gather additional evidence to properly evaluate the situation. For the purpose of auditing critical servers audit trail, auditor wants to use _______ tool to determine the potential irregularity in the user or system. CASE tools Embedded data collection tool Heuristics scanning tool Trend/variance detection tools Ans. D Explanation Trend/variance detection tools are used for determining the potential irregularity in the user or system. CASE tools are used in software development and embedded data collection tool is used for sample collection and Heuristics scanning tool used to detect virus infections. What could be the possible cause of great concern for an auditor while evaluating a corporate network for possible penetration from employees? Number of external modems connected to network Users have right to install software on there desktops Limited network monitoring or no monitoring at all User ids with identical passwords Ans. D Explanation Choice D is most appropriate in this scenario. It is the greatest threat. Choice A threat is there but depends on use of valid user id. In choice b likelihood is not high due to technical knowledge needed for penetration. Network monitoring is a means for detection. What is the major benefit of using computer forensic softwares in investigations? Preservation of electronic evidence Saving time and costs More efficient and effective Efficient search for violation of Intellectual property rights Ans. A Explanation The main purpose of forensic software is to preserve the chain of electronic evidence for investigation purpose. Others choice B and C are concerns to identify good / poor forensic software. Choice D is example of using forensic software. Data is imported from client database by auditor, now the next step is to confirm imported data is complete, what step need to be followed to verify the same. Match control total of imported data with original data Sort data to confirm data is in same order as the original data Review first 100 records of imported data with first 100 records of original data Category wise filtering of data and matching them to original data Ans. A Explanation The logical step in this scenario would be option A. this will confirm the completeness of process. Sorting may not be applicable in this scenario because original data may not be sorted order. Reviewing partial data does not suffice the purpose either. Filtering data would also need control totals to be established to ensure completeness of data. An audit is to be conducted to identify payroll overpayments in last year. Which audit technique would be best appropriate in this scenario? Data testing Use of general audit software Integrated test facility Embedded audit module Ans. B Explanation General auditing softwares include mathematical calculations, stratification, statistical analysis, sequence and duplicate checks and re-computations. So auditor can use appropriate tests to re-compute payroll data. Test data would not detect the anomalies and overpayments. Integrated test facility and embedded edit modules cannot detect previous errors. During an audit process, auditor finds out that security procedures are not documented what he should do? Auditor create procedure document Stop audit Do compliance testing Evaluate and identify exiting practices being followed Ans. D Explanation The purpose of audit is to identify risks, so the most appropriate approach would be identify and evaluate current practices being followed. Auditors dont create documentation, compliance testing cannot be done as no document is there and stopping audit will jeopardize the objective of audit i.e. risks identification. Threats and their potential impacts are identified during the course of an risk analysis stage what should be next most appropriate step? Identification and assessment of risk assessment approach of management Identification of all information assets and systems Disclosure of threats and impacts to management Identification and evaluation of existing controls Ans. D Explanation The next step would be choice D. once the threats and impacts are identified. Next step is to share them with management. Out of the following which one is the most significant concern for an auditor? Non reporting of network attack Notification failure to police of an attempted intrusion Periodic review of access rights not present No notification of intrusion to public Ans. A Explanation Failure to report a network attack is major cause of concern. Reporting to public is organization choice and notification to police is also matter of choice. Periodic examination of access rights could be causing of concern but not as big as option A. Which is the most dependable evidence for an auditor out of the following: Letter from 3rd party on compliance Line management assurance that application is performing as per design Information obtained from www Reports supplied by organization management to auditor Ans. A Explanation The most reliable evidence is the one given by external party. Choice B, C and D are not considered reliable. While evaluating a process on the basis of preventive, detective and corrective controls, an IS auditor should know? The point at which controls used as data flow through system Preventive and detectives controls are only relevant ones Corrective controls are only relevant Classification is required to determine which controls are absent Ans. A Explanation Choice A is most appropriate. Choice B and C are incorrect as all controls are important. Choice D is also not correct because functioning of controls is important and not its classification. The best evidence of duties segregation is identified by using ____ audit technique? Discussions with management Organization chart review Interviews and observations User access rights testing Ans. C Explanation Based on choice C an auditor can evaluate the duties segregation. Management may not be aware of detailed functioning, organization chart only depicts hierarchy of reporting, and testing will only tell user rights but will not give any details on function being performed by users. While reviewing a customer master file, auditor discovers that many customer names are appearing in duplicate causing variation in customer first names. How auditor will determine the amount of duplication in this scenario? Testing data to validate input Testing data to check sorting capabilities Use general audit software to detect address field duplications Use general audit software to detect account field duplications Ans. C Explanation As names are not same, so we need to use some other field to determine duplication such as address field. Test data will not help in this case and searching on account number may not yield desired result because customers could have different account numbers for each entry. While testing for program changes what is the best population to choose sample from? Library listings testing Listing of source programs Change request programs Listing of production library Ans. D Explanation The best source to draw sample or test system is automated system. Choice B would be time consuming. Program change request are initial documents to initiate changes; test libraries dont present approved and authorized executables. An integrated test facility is an efficient tool for audit: Audit of application control in a cost effective manner Integrating audit tests for financial and IS auditors Comparison of processing output with independently calculated data Tool to analyze large range of information Ans. C Explanation It is a useful audit tool because it uses similar program to compare processing with independently calculated data. This involves setting up dummy entities and processing test/production data. IS auditors use data flow diagrams to: Hierarchical ordering of data Highlighting high level data definitions Summarize data paths and storage in graphical manner Step by step details of data generation portrait Ans. C Explanation Data flow diagrams are used to chart flow of data and storage. They dont order data in hierarchical manner. Data flow not necessarily match hierarchy or order of data generation. Review of organization chart is done by auditor to: Understand workflows Identify all communication channels Responsibility and authority of individuals Network diagram connected to different employees Ans. C Explanation Organization chart always depicts the responsibility and authority of individuals in an organization. This is required to understand the segregation of functions. While performing an audit of network operating system, an auditor should review the following user feature? Network document availability online Support for terminal access to remote systems File transfer handling between users and hosts Audit, control and performance management Ans. A Explanation Network operating system user features comprise online availability of network documentation. Choice B, C and D are some examples of network OS functions. In order to ascertain that access to program documentation is only restricted to authorize users, an auditor should check: Evaluation of retention plan for off site storage Procedures being followed by programmers Comparison of utilization records to operational schedule Review data access records Ans. B Explanation Interview of programmers to understand procedures being followed is the best way to ascertain the access to program documentation is only with authorized personnel. Off site storage, utilization records and review of data access records will not address security of program documentation. Auditor is evaluating an application which does computation of payments. During the audit it is reveled that 50% of calculation is not matching with the set total. What should be the next step auditor need to follow as part of audit practice? Do further test on calculations having error Identification of variables that generated inaccurate test results Testify some more test cases to reconfirm the anomaly Documentation of results, findings, conclusions and recommendations Ans. C Explanation Auditor needs to examine some more test cases where incorrect calculations happened and then confirm with the final outcome. Once calculations are complete further tests can be performed and then report to be made only after confirmation and not before that. In order to prove the correctness of system tax calculation the best practice to be followed is: In depth review and analysis of source code Using general auditing software to recreate program logic for monthly totals calculation Simulate transactions for results comparison In depth analysis and flow chart preparation of the source code Ans. C Explanation The best way to prove accuracy of tax calculation is simulation of transactions. Detailed review, flow chart and analysis of source code will not be effective and monthly total will not confirm the correctness of tax calculations at individual level. In Applications control review , auditor must analyze : Application efficiency in meeting business processes Exposures impact Business processes performed by application Optimization of application Ans. B Explanation Application control review requires analysis of application automated controls and analysis of exposures due to controls weaknesses. The other options could be objective of audit but not specifically meant to analyze application controls. What is the most accurate evidence to prove that purchase orders are legitimate while auditing an inventory application? Application parameters can be modified by unauthorized personnel Purchase order tracing Comparison of receiving reports to purchase order details Application documentation review Ans. A Explanation Access control testing is the best way to determine purchase orders legitimacy and is the best evidence. Choice B and C are part of further actions and choice D will not serve the purpose as application documentation process and actual process could vary. Irregularities at an early stage can be detected in the best manner by using ______ online auditing technique. Embedded audit module Integrated test facility Snapshots Audit books Ans. D Explanation The audit book technique also involves embedding code in applications to reveal early detection of irregularity. Embedded audit module is used for monitoring application systems on select

Saturday, January 18, 2020

DNA †Genetically modified food Essay

Virtually every crop we eat have undergone hundreds of years of genetic modification by farmers and scientist in search of desirable traits. Selective breeding and hybrid strains have contributed immeasurably to farm productivity during this time. Over the past 30 years however, genetic engineering has been revolutionized. While before, a farmer wanting to develop a frost resistant tomato would be able to breed towards one only if the necessary genes were available somewhere in tomatoes or a near relative to tomatoes, modern biological engineering techniques overcome such restrictions. Genetic traits from outside a species’ gene pool, in the tomato’s case from an arctic fish, can be spliced into the organism to create an entirely different species, a transgenic organism with the typical traits of a tomato and frost resistance from a fish. The most widely used method of gene splicing, recombinant DNA, uses biochemical â€Å"scissors† called restriction enzymes to cut the strings of DNA, selecting required genes. These are then â€Å"ferried† by a virus or a bacterium that infects the host, smuggling the gene into the plant’s DNA. In this way scientists have been able to create slow ripening and seedless fruit, crops that grow in unfavourable conditions and are resistant to disease or herbicides and milk from cows given a genetically engineered growth hormone. The benefits of gene technology in terms of food production are enormous. The most common genetically engineered crops contain modifications that make the plants resistant to certain diseases and herbicides, or allow them to produce their own pesticides, thereby eliminating or reducing the need to spray. So-called â€Å"Bt corn,† for example, contains a gene resistant to the harmful mycotoxin fungus and herbicide producers, Monsanto have created a strain of soybeans genetically modified to be unaffected by their product Roundup. The soybean farmer therefore can avoid targeting specific weeds and require just one application of a general weed-killer, reducing costs and agricultural waste run-off. Genetically modified crops are also being adapted to grow in salty, dry or frosty environments, contain edible vaccines, have a longer shelf life and be more nutritious. A group of Swiss and German scientists recently developed a strain of GM rice know as ? golden rice’ due to its altered colour. Containing genes that produce a unusually high amount of beta-carotene (vitamin A), this rice could be a solution to the thousands of poor children in Asia who eat little but rice and go blind or die from lack of vitamin A Public reaction to the use of recombinant DNA in genetic engineering however has been mixed. Sliding US export commodities such as genetically modified soybeans and corn have highlighted hardened public opinion and widespread resistance to biotech crops, especially in the European Union. Concerns about GM foods fall into three categories: economics, environmental hazards and human health risks. The latter two have been the subject of hot debate, both in Australia and overseas. Environmental damage from GM crops can be caused through various channels. One of the main concerns has been the possibility of gene transfer to a non-target species, that is crops engineered for herbicide tolerance and weeds cross-breeding, resulting in the transfer of the herbicide resistance to create ? superweeds’. In addition, environmentalists fear that transgenic plants may proliferate rapidly, pollinating natural plants in their surroundings eliminating existing species. Further environmental suspicions include those of unintended harm to other organisms (especially non-target insects) and of the reduced effectiveness of pesticides once insects become tolerant to a crop’s natural pesticide. Questions have also been raised on the human impact of genetically modified organisms. Critics of recombinant DNA fear that the pathogenic, or disease-producing organisms used in some recombinant DNA experiments might develop extremely infectious forms that could cause worldwide epidemics. Likewise, the unknown effect of foreign genes introduced into GM food crops in terms of human health also presents a controversial issue. Furthermore, there is a possibility that introducing a gene into a plant may create a new allergen or cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. A proposal to incorporate a gene from Brazil nuts into soybeans in order to increase their nutritional value was abandoned when it was found that the genetically engineered soybeans caused an allergic reaction in people sensitive to Brazil nuts. For these reasons, extensive testing and labelling of GM foods may be required to avoid the possibility of harm to consumers with food allergies. Biotechnology has started to revolutionise food production, with fantastic results. With the world population of 6 billion expected to double in the next 50 years and an adequate food supply becoming a major challenge it will no doubt continue to do so in the future.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Poetry Final Exam Essay

Directions: Answer the questions below. Use full sentences when applicable. 1. Give two examples of each of the following elements of poetry from the poems you have read in Units 4, 5, and 6. Metaphor: â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud† â€Å"By the side of the pale-faced moon.† Simile: â€Å"Nothing but a hot Swish of strings like silk Ten feet out.† â€Å"This bundle of clothes I wash and hang and wash again  like flags we share, a country so close  no one needs to name it† Personification: â€Å"The seven days war that put the world to sleep† â€Å"The tractors lie about our fields† Onomatopoeia: â€Å"Ball goes in (thwack) to mitt, and goes out (thwack) back to mitt.† â€Å"Sometimes ball gets hit (pow) when bat meets it.† Imagery: â€Å"Sokoya, I said, looking through the net of wrinkles into wise black pools of her eyes.† â€Å"A shade of feeling rippled the wind-tanned skin.† Sensory Language: â€Å"This bed whose covers I straighten smoothing edges till blue quilt fits brown blanket and nothing hangs out.† â€Å"Outside was a scene of total destruction. Their house was gone, a few planks in its place.† Look more:  types of satire essay Rhyme: â€Å"Ten thousand eyes were on him as he rubbed his hands with dirt, five thousand tongues applauded when he wiped them on his shirt.† â€Å"Maggie and milly and molly and may went down to the beach (to play one day)† Alliteration: â€Å"When to the sessions of sweet silent thought I summon up remembrance of things past, I sigh the lack of many a thing I sought, And with old woes new wail my dear times waste† â€Å"His brow is deeply lined with thought, his head is highly domed; His coat is dusty from neglect, his whiskers are uncombed. He sways his head from side to side, with movements like a snake.† Assonance: â€Å"Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim.† â€Å"Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter.† Consonance: â€Å"Thrilled me—filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before† â€Å"Eagerly I wished the morrow—vainly I had tried to borrow from my books surcease of sorrow.† Repetition: â€Å"There was ease in Casey’s manner as he stepped into his place, There was pride in Casey’s bearing and a smile on Casey’s face.† â€Å"To the swinging and the ringing Of the bells, bells, bells, Of the bells, bells, bells, bells.† 2. Cite examples from the texts you’ve read in Units 4, 5, and 6 to briefly explain the answers to the Big Questions. A. Unit 4: How does communication change us? Communication allows us to transfer information between each other and comprehend what we are being told. Communication it what allows us to feel what we feel and perceive things the way we do. B. Unit 5: Do our differences define us? Difference makes everyone individuals; nobody is absolutely the same because of differences. Sometimes our differences cause feuds, arguments, and controversies. Everyone is their own person due to differences and that what makes us the people we are. C. Unit 6: Do heroes have responsibilities? Heroes make important choices and selflessly get involved when others might stand back. Heroes have follower and those followers follow their actions. If heroes don’t have responsibility’s there giving others the idea that it’s okay to not have them. Discuss the role of conflict in three of the texts you read in Units 4, 5, or 6. 4. Discuss the role of allusions in three of the texts you read in Units 4, 5, or 6. â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales1 and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils;† â€Å"Forsythia-forays and hydrangea-raids Were but preliminaries to a war Against the great-grandfathers of the town, So freshly lopped and maimed. They struck and struck again, And with each elm a century went down.† â€Å"The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls; He watches from his mountain walls, And like a thunderbolt he falls.† 5. Is satire an effective method of conveying a message? Explain your opinion using examples from the satirical texts you read during Unit 5. Being sarcastic in text can often be misinterpreted for being the truth rather than sarcasm itself. â€Å"Although a satire may make readers laugh, it may also aim to correct the ï ¬â€šaws that it criticizes.† Depending on whom the reader is satire writing can be a very good way to convey a message or a unproductive way to get your message across.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

The Apostle Of The Gospel And The Relationship Between...

Introduction/Thesis: â€Å"People have called the apostle Paul’s great epistle to the Romans â€Å"the most profound work in existence† (Samuel Coleridge).†1 Imagine the great challenge the Apostle Paul faced to preach the Gospel and the relationship between Jews and Gentiles. During the times that Romans was written, Rome was the epicenter of the ancient world and contained a myriad of subcultures. One of the more recognizable verses in Romans; â€Å"For I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is God’s power for salvation to everyone who believes, first to the Jew, and also to the Greek† (Romans 1:16), proves Paul’s devotion his mission that everyone preach the Gospel to everyone who believes throughout the world. The Natural World: Romans was written in Corinth during the Winter of AD 56/57 at the conclusion of his third journey.2 Romans was written to the people of Rome as dictated in Romans 1:7 â€Å"To all that are in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ,† and Romans 1:15 â€Å"So, as much as in me is, I am ready to preach the gospel to you also that are in Rome.† As aforementioned, Rome was the largest and most important city of the world with a multifaceted cultural makeup, consisting of both Jews and Gentiles and a large percentage of slaves. 3 More so, the natural world at that time was filled with Pagans, whom rejected the knowledge and glory of God, and Moralists that had their own set of standards, whichShow MoreRelatedHow Galatians Is Important For Many Reasons911 Words   |  4 Pagesbackground information. 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